The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.